Common File Types with Extensions

FRIDAY, MARCH 09, 2012

Common File Types with Extensions

Each and every file has an extension. A file extension or a file name extension is the suffix at the end of a file name that indicates what kind of file it is. For example, a JPEG image file   has an extension like .jpg. Similarly, you can identify a file as text file if it has an extension like .txt.   

If you don't see an extension after the file name then you should turn on a setting. Just double click on My Computer then go to the Folder options. Now click on the View tab. After 8 or 9 options you will find an option named hide extensions for known file types. Just turn it off. And from now you will be able to see the file extensions of any files. 

Some of the common file types with extensions are as below. 

Text Files
.doc	Microsoft Word Document
.docx	Microsoft Word Open XML Document
.log	Log File
.msg	Outlook Mail Message
.odt	Open Document Text Document
.pages	Pages Document
.rtf	Rich Text Format File
.tex	LaTeX Source Document
.txt	Plain Text File
.wpd	WordPerfect Document
.wps	Microsoft Works Word Processor Document

Data Files
.csv	Comma Separated Values File
.dat	Data File
.efx	eFax Document
.epub	Open eBook File
.gbr	Gerber File
.ged	GEDCOM Genealogy Data File
.ibooks	Multi-Touch iBook
.key	Keynote Presentation
.pps	PowerPoint Slide Show
.ppt	PowerPoint Presentation
.pptx	PowerPoint Open XML Presentation
.sdf	Standard Data File
.tar	Consolidated Unix File Archive
.tax2010	TurboTax 2010 Tax Return
.vcf	vCard File
.xml	XML File

Audio Files
.aif	Audio Interchange File Format
.iff	Interchange File Format
.m3u	Media Playlist File
.m4a	MPEG-4 Audio File
.mid	MIDI File
.mp3	MP3 Audio File
.mpa	MPEG-2 Audio File
.ra	Real Audio File
.wav	WAVE Audio File
.wma	Windows Media Audio File

Video Files
.3g2	3GPP2 Multimedia File
.3gp	3GPP Multimedia File
.asf	Advanced Systems Format File
.asx	Microsoft ASF Redirector File
.avi	Audio Video Interleave File
.flv	Flash Video File
.mov	Apple QuickTime Movie
.mp4	MPEG-4 Video File
.mpg	MPEG Video File
.rm	Real Media File
.srt	SubRip Subtitle File
.swf	Shockwave Flash Movie
.vob	DVD Video Object File
.wmv	Windows Media Video File

3D Image Files
.3dm	Rhino 3D Model
.max	3ds Max Scene File
.obj	Wavefront 3D Object File

Raster Image Files
.bmp	Bitmap Image File
.dds	DirectDraw Surface
.gif	Graphical Interchange Format File
.jpg	JPEG Image
.png	Portable Network Graphic
.psd	Adobe Photoshop Document
.pspimage	PaintShop Pro Image
.tga	Targa Graphic
.thm	Thumbnail Image File
.tif	Tagged Image File
.yuv	YUV Encoded Image File

Vector Image Files
.ai	Adobe Illustrator File
.eps	Encapsulated PostScript File
.ps	PostScript File
.svg	Scalable Vector Graphics File

Page Layout Files
.indd	Adobe InDesign Document
.pct	Picture File
.pdf	Portable Document Format File

Spreadsheet Files
.xlr	Works Spreadsheet
.xls	Excel Spreadsheet
.xlsx	Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet

Database Files
.accdb	Access 2007 Database File
.db	Database File
.dbf	Database File
.mdb	Microsoft Access Database
.pdb	Program Database
.sql	Structured Query Language Data File

Executable Files
.app	Mac OS X Application
.bat	DOS Batch File
.cgi	Common Gateway Interface Script
.com	DOS Command File
.exe	Windows Executable File
.gadget	Windows Gadget
.jar	Java Archive File
.pif	Program Information File
.vb	VBScript File
.wsf	Windows Script File

Game Files
.dem	Video Game Demo File
.gam	Saved Game File
.nes	Nintendo (NES) ROM File
.rom	N64 Game ROM File
.sav	Saved Game

CAD Files
.dwg	AutoCAD Drawing Database File
.dxf	Drawing Exchange Format File

GIS Files
.gpx	GPS Exchange File
.kml	Keyhole Markup Language File

Web Files
.asp	Active Server Page
.aspx	Active Server Page Extended File
.cer	Internet Security Certificate
.cfm	ColdFusion Markup File
.csr	Certificate Signing Request File
.css	Cascading Style Sheet
.htm	Hypertext Markup Language File
.html	Hypertext Markup Language File
.js	JavaScript File
.jsp	Java Server Page
.php	Hypertext Preprocessor File
.rss	Rich Site Summary
.xhtml	Extensible Hypertext Markup Language File

Plugin Files
.8bi	Photoshop Plug-in
.plugin	Mac OS X Plug-in
.xll	Excel Add-In File

Font Files
.fnt	Windows Font File
.fon	Generic Font File
.otf	OpenType Font
.ttf	TrueType Font

System Files
.cab	Windows Cabinet File
.cpl	Windows Control Panel Item
.cur	Windows Cursor
.dll	Dynamic Link Library
.dmp	Windows Memory Dump
.drv	Device Driver
.icns	Mac OS X Icon Resource File
.ico	Icon File
.lnk	File Shortcut
.sys	Windows System File

Settings Files
.cfg	Configuration File
.ini	Windows Initialization File
.keychain	Mac OS X Keychain File
.prf	Outlook Profile File

Encoded Files
.hqx	BinHex 4.0 Encoded File
.mim	Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Message File
.uue	Uuencoded File

Compressed Files
.7z	7-Zip Compressed File
.deb	Debian Software Package
.gz	Gnu Zipped Archive
.pkg	Mac OS X Installer Package
.rar	WinRAR Compressed Archive
.rpm	Red Hat Package Manager File
.sit	StuffIt Archive
.sitx	StuffIt X Archive
.tar.gz	Compressed Tarball File
.zip	Zipped File
.zipx	Extended Zip File

Disk Image Files
.bin	Binary Disc Image
.cue	Cue Sheet File
.dmg	Mac OS X Disk Image
.iso	Disc Image File
.toast	Toast Disc Image
.vcd	Virtual CD

Developer Files
.c	C/C++ Source Code File
.class	Java Class File
.cpp	C++ Source Code File
.cs	Visual C# Source Code File
.dtd	Document Type Definition File
.fla	Adobe Flash Animation
.java	Java Source Code File
.m	Objective-C Implementation File
.pl	Perl Script
.py	Python Script

Backup Files
.bak	Backup File
.tmp	Temporary File

Misc Files
.dbx	Outlook Express E-mail Folder
.ics	iCalendar File
.msi	Windows Installer Package
.part	Partially Downloaded File
.torrent	BitTorrent File

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Maintenance Tasks: Extend Your PC Life

Using a desktop computer or laptop in today's world is just like using mobile phone, watch or a vehicle. I mean computer has been a part of our life. We keep many vital information in our PC. Such as books, audios, videos, necessary data etc. 

If the PC crashes everything within it might get lost! And in that time we have to suffer. So, in this post I am gonna suggest you some tips to extend your PC life. 

1. Optimum Environment: A computer especially a desktop must be kept in a moderate environment. It shouldn't be either very cool or very hot. It must be kept in a temperature between 15 to 30 degrees Celsius with a humidity level between 50 to 75 percent. Over heating may cause your hardware loose its capacity soon. 

2. Proper Supply of Electricity: A common cause of system damage is the unstable power supply. Surges, spikes and sags in electric supply can damage computer completely or may shorten the lifespan of its parts like motherboard or hard disk. To ensure the physical security of your PC make sure you have optimum supply of power with stability. Use of UPS is highly appreciated to protect computer from electric damage.

3. Proper Electronic Setup: Make sure that you've connected all the parts and components such as motherboard, hard disk, ram, cooling fan in the right place in right manner. Loose connection can lead to serious hard to the computer. So avoid it with care. 

4. Timely Cleaning and Maintenance: The main board of a computer consists nothing but lots of electronic circuits. And that is why a motherboard produces heats. This is very natural. But when dusts accumulated on the motherboard or other components the heats can't be released properly. In that case it leads to system damage. So you should clean your system unit every 3 or 4 months to clean dusts. You can clean dusts with a soft brush. And be careful. Don't do anything that may hurt your system. 

5. Precautionary Measures: The previous 4 points were about hardware related facts. But this one is much more related with software. To maintain your computer performance and increase its life time you need to use antivirus, registry cleaner, disk checker etc. To know about antivirus read this post. And you also need cleanup your disks, recycle bin. And you should look for whether there is any bad sector in your hard drives. 

And finally don't do anything to your PC if your are beginner. Take advice from a person who knows better than you. Don't run your PC continuously. Shut it down at least after every 5 or 6 hours. 

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MONDAY, MARCH 05, 2012

Explanation of Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes...

In this post I am gonna explain the disk space, or data storage space, and system memory used in computing. We are mostly using the terms megabyte and gigabyte. In some cases we use kilobyte and terabyte. But there are something before kilobyte and after terabyte. 

You can have some more terms in the following table:

Virtual Storage

Disk Storage

1 Bit = Binary Digit 8 Bits = 1 Byte 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

1 Bit = Binary Digit            8 Bits = 1 Byte            1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte            1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte            1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte            1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte            1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte            1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte            1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte            1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte            1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte            1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

This is based on the IBM Dictionary of computing method to describe the disk storage. Let's find out more detail of the above terms: 

Bit: A Bit is the smallest unit of data used by a computer. It can be used to represent two states of information. For example- Yes or No, right or wrong etc.

Byte: A Byte is equal to 8 Bits. A Byte can represent 256 states of information, for example, numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. 1 Byte could be equal to one character. 10 Bytes could be equal to a word. 100 Bytes would equal an average sentence.

Kilobyte: A Kilobyte is approximately 1,000 Bytes, actually 1,024 Bytes depending on which definition is used. 1 Kilobyte might be equal to this paragraph you are reading, whereas 100 Kilobytes would equal a full page like this one.

Megabyte: A Megabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Kilobytes. In the early days of computing, a Megabyte was considered to be a large amount of data may be similar to 1 GB of today. These days with a 500 Gigabyte hard drive on a computer being common, a Megabyte doesn't seem like much anymore. One of those old 3-1/2 inch floppy disks can hold 1.44 Megabytes or the equivalent of a small book. 100 Megabytes might hold a couple volumes of Encyclopedias. 600 Megabytes is about the amount of data that will fit on a CD-ROM disk.

Gigabyte: A Gigabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Megabytes. A Gigabyte is still a very common term used these days when referring to disk space or drive storage. 1 Gigabyte of data is almost twice the amount of data that a CD ROM can hold. 100 Gigabytes could hold the entire library floor of academic journals.

Terabyte: A Terabyte is approximately one trillion bytes, or 1,000/1,024 Gigabytes. Now one and two terabyte drives are the normal specs for many new computers. To put it in some perspective, a Terabyte could hold about 3.6 million 300 Kilobyte images or maybe about 300 hours of high quality video. A Terabyte could hold 1,000 copies of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Ten Terabytes could hold the printed collection of the Library of Congress.

Petabyte: A Petabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Terabytes or one million Gigabytes. It's hard to visualize what a Petabyte could hold. 1 Petabyte could hold approximately 20 million 4-door filing cabinets full of text. It could hold 500 billion pages of standard printed text. It would take about 500 million floppy disks to store the same amount of data.

Exabyte: An Exabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Petabytes. Another way to look at it is that an Exabyte is approximately one Quintilian bytes or one billion Gigabytes. There is not much to compare an Exabyte to. It has been said that 5 Exabytes would be equal to all of the words ever spoken by mankind.

Zettabyte: A Zettabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Exabytes. There is nothing to compare a Zettabyte to but to say that it would take a whole lot of ones and zeroes to fill it up.

Yottabyte: A Yottabyte is approximately 1,000 Zettabytes. It would take approximately 11 trillion years to download a Yottabyte file from the Internet using high-power broadband. You can compare it to the World Wide Web as the entire Internet almost takes up about a Yottabyte.

Brontobyte: A Brontobyte is (you guessed it) approximately 1,000/1,024 Yottabytes. The only thing there is to say about a Brontobyte is that it is a 1 followed by 27 zeroes!

Geopbyte: A Geopbyte is about 1000/1,024 Brontobytes! Not sure why this term was created. I'm not sure whether someone alive today will ever see a Geopbyte hard drive. But world is changing so rapidly that it might not be impossible. One way of looking at a geopbyte is 15267 6504600 2283229 4012496 7031205 376 bytes. Can you imagine how much time required to use this term practically?!

Now you should have a good understanding of megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes and everything in between. Keep in touch to find out more in the future. Thanks.

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SATURDAY, MARCH 03, 2012

My Computer Icon Removed from Desktop!

Well this is a very common situation when a PC has multiple users. Not only My Computer sometimes Recycle Bin itself also remove from desktop by accident. 

If this happen, no tension. Now you will learn how to make original icon of My Computer, Recycle Bin, Control Panel and so many. 

The process is not very difficult. Just like making a folder. For example you need to create my computer icon. Then right click on the desktop and click on new folder. Rename the folder as: My Computer.{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}

In this was you can create the following icons. Just create a new folder and and rename this as below: 

 Recycle Bin.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

 Control Panel.{21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d}

 Internet Explorer.{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D}

 My Computer.{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}

 Internet Explorer.{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D}

 My Network Places.{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}

 Folder Options.{6DFD7C5C-2451-11d3-A299-00C04F8EF6AF}

 Taskbar and Start Menu.{0DF44EAA-FF21-4412-828E-260A8728E7F1}

 Search Results Folder.{e17d4fc0-5564-11d1-83f2-00a0c90dc849}

 Printers and Faxes.{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}

 Scanners & Cameras.{E211B736-43FD-11D1-9EFB-0000F8757FCD}

 Taskbar and Start Menu.{0DF44EAA-FF21-4412-828E-  260A8728E7F1}

 Search Results Folder.{e17d4fc0-5564-11d1-83f2-00a0c90dc849}

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GTA San Andreas Cheat Codes !

Hello Gamers!

In this post you will find the cheats for GTA San Andreas.

You can write the following cheats while playing the game. When you enter a code correctly you will see a message stating 'Cheat Activated' on the screen. The cheats on this list are not case sensitive. 

Adrenaline Mode 
Cheat code: MUNASEF

Aggressive Drivers 
Cheat code: YLTEICZ

All Cars Explode 
Cheat code: allcarsgoboom

All Cars Have Nitro 
Cheat code: COXEFGU or SPEEDFREAK

All Green Lights 
Cheat code: ZEIIVG

Always Midnight 
Cheat code: NIGHTPROWLER or XJVSNAJ

Beach Party 
Cheat code: CIKGCGX

Black Traffic 
Cheat code: IOWDLAC

Blow Up All Cars 
Cheat code: CPKTNWT

Boats Fly 
Cheat code: AFSNMSMW or FLYINGFISH

Cars Float Away When Hit 
Cheat code: BSXSGGC or BUBBLECARS

Cars Fly 
Cheat code: RIPAZHA

Chaos Mode 
Cheat code: STATEOFEMERGENCY

Clear Wanted Level 
Cheat code: ASNAEB

Country Vehicles and Peds, Get Born 2 Truck Outfit 
Cheat code: BMTPWHR

Elvis is Everywhere 
Cheat code: ASBHGRB or BLUESUEDESHOES